{"id":100192,"date":"2024-02-15T09:54:56","date_gmt":"2024-02-15T06:54:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/avicennaint.com\/?p=100192"},"modified":"2024-04-16T09:30:17","modified_gmt":"2024-04-16T06:30:17","slug":"cancerul-de-san-cancer-mamar-impreuna-vom-invinge","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/avicennaint.com\/ro\/cancerul-de-san-cancer-mamar-impreuna-vom-invinge\/","title":{"rendered":"Cancerul de s\u00e2n (cancer mamar): \u00cempreun\u0103 vom \u00eenvinge"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Prognoza pentru 2005 arat\u0103 c\u0103 exist\u0103 o tendin\u021b\u0103 de cre\u0219tere a cazurilor de cancer de s\u00e2n (cancer mamar). Se estimez\u0103 c\u0103 se va ajunge la o valoare de 34,6 % la 1000 de locuitori. Femeiile prezint\u0103 un risc mediu (mai putin de 15% risc pe via\u021b\u0103) de a dezvolta cancerul de s\u00e2n. Cancerul de s\u00e2n este destul de sc\u0103zut sub v\u00e2rsta de 40 de ani, apoi incepe sa creasc\u0103 odat\u0103 cu \u00eembatr\u00e2nirea femeilor. \u00cen fiecare an cancerul mamar ucide 465.000 de femei din \u00eentreaga lume. Doar 1,3% din noile cazuri sunt depistate \u00een faz\u0103 incipient\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce este cancerul mamar ?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Cancerul mamar, este cel mai \u00eent\u00e2lnit tip de cancer la femei c\u0103t \u0219i a doua cauz\u0103 a deceselor provocate de tumorile maligne (tumoare primejdioas\u0103). \u00cen timpul c\u00e2nd celulele din structura glandei cap\u0103t\u0103 unele muta\u021bii genetice se \u00eenmul\u021besc haotic form\u00e2nd o tumor\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Factorii de risc pentru cancerul mamar:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Genul feminin,<\/strong><\/em> <\/strong>este factorul cel mai important. Cancerul mamar este cel mai frecvent cancer la femei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e2rsta,<\/strong> <\/em>riscul de a avea cancer cre\u0219te odat\u0103 cu v\u00e2rsta. In ciuda faptului, cancerul de s\u00e2n apare uneori \u0219i la femeile tinere, majoritatea cazurilor sunt diagnosticate dup\u0103 menopauz\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mo\u0219tenirea unei gene anormale, <\/strong>dac\u0103 ai un istoric de cancer mamar \u00een familie, cancerele mamare apar la femeile \u00een a c\u0103ror familie s-a transmis de-a lungul genera\u021biilor o gen\u0103 defectuoas\u0103 (mutant\u0103).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prima menstrua\u021bie,<\/em><\/strong> <\/em>la o v\u00e2rst\u0103 mic\u0103 de 12 ani.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e2rsta \u00eenaintat\u0103<\/em><\/strong> la na\u0219terea primului copil (peste 35 de ani)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obezitate<\/em><\/strong> <\/em>sau consumul de tig\u0103ri<\/strong> sau de alcool<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Simptomele cancerului de s\u00e2n<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Simptomele cancerului de s\u00e2n sunt urm\u0103toarele:<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Noduli palpabili la s\u00e2ni care apar \u00eenainte sau dup\u0103 menstrua\u021bie dar care nu dispar ca de obicei.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Ro\u0219ea\u021b\u0103 pe pilelea sau mamelonul s\u00e2nului<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Schimbare de formei, m\u0103rimii sau conturul s\u00e2nului.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Secre\u021bie transparent\u0103 sau s\u00e2ngeroas\u0103.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Durere sau sensibilitate<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Schimb\u0103rile pielii s\u00e2nului egzeme, decolorare \u0219i descumare.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Apari\u021bia unei gropi\u021be sau ad\u00e2ncituri pe s\u00e2n<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Supraponderabilitatea \u0219i obezitatea<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Apari\u021bia unor ganglioni la s\u00e2n sau la nivel axila (subsuoar\u0103)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Cele mai \u00eent\u00e2lnite tipuri de cancer mamar sunt:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    a) Cancerul de s\u00e2n in situ (neinvaziv)<\/strong>. Acest tip de cancer se localizeaz\u0103 intr-un loc dar nu se r\u0103sp\u00e2nde\u0219te \u00een alt\u0103 parte.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    b) Cancerul de s\u00e2n invaziv.<\/strong> Acest tip de cancer se extinde dincolo de ducte (cancer de s\u00e2n ductal invaziv) sau de lobuli (cancer de s\u00e2n lobular invaziv).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Cancerul de s\u00e2n la b\u0103rba\u021bi:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Cancerul mamar la barba\u021bi apare foarte rar la persoanele \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 iar simptomele sunt asem\u0103n\u0103toare celor femeilor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • Schimbarea aspectului pe piept<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Schimb\u0103ri ale mamelonului precum culoare, pozi\u021biei c\u0103t \u0219i descumare.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Apari\u021bia unei secre\u021bii sau scurgeri s\u00e2ngeroase. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • De\u0219i cauzele \u00een acest caz nu sunt clarificate, se consider\u0103 totu\u0219i c\u0103 motivul apari\u021bei cancerului ar fi unele schimb\u0103ri hormonale c\u00eet \u0219i genetice. Tratamentul acestuia presupune mastectomia total\u0103 ulterior fiind necesar\u0103 chimioterapia sau radiografia \u00een func\u021bie de cancerul depistat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Diagnostic sau cum \u00ee\u021bi evaluezi s\u00e2nii pentru identificarea timpurie a cancerului mamar?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Pentru a identifica timpuriu aceast\u0103 boal\u0103, unul dintre cel mai eficient mod este auto-examinarea.<\/strong> Aceasta implic\u0103 evaluarea vizual\u0103 \u0219i fizic\u0103 a s\u00e2nilor pentru a depista anomaliile sau schimb\u0103rile petrecute.Examenirea cu cele mai bune rezultate se face \u00een prima s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 dup\u0103 menstrua\u021bie. Semnele pe care trebuie s\u0103 le iei \u00een considerare sunt schimb\u0103rile petrecute, nodulii ap\u0103ru\u021bi sau scurgerile cum ar fi secre\u021biile sau s\u00e2nger\u0103rile. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 auto-examinare un alt mod de depistare a cancerului mamar este mamografia <\/strong>care nu este altceva dec\u00e2t o radiografie a s\u00e2nului care poate depista cancerul \u00een stadiul primar acestea fiind \u0219i u\u0219or de tratat. Ecografia<\/strong> <\/em>este un alt mod de a depista cancerul de s\u00e2n aceasta complet\u021bnd mamografia in speciala la femeile tinere care au un \u021besut al s\u00e2nului mult mai intens. Biopsia ganglionilor axilari \u0219i scintigrafie osoas\u0103 <\/strong>sunt alte metode de identificare a cancerului de s\u00e2n. Femeile de peste 40 de ani necesit\u0103 s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i fac\u0103 aceste examin\u0103ri la un an o dat\u0103. O alt\u0103 surs\u0103 pentru diagnosticul cancerului mamar este consultul medicului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Metodele de prevenire a cancerului de s\u00e2n:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Diagnosticarea la timp cu ajutorul controlului medical de rutin\u0103 c\u00e2t \u0219i a auto-examin\u0103rii este important pentru vindecarea cancerului mamar. A\u0219adar ce putem face pentru a preveni aceast\u0103 boal\u0103?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • adopta\u021bi o diet\u0103 s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103 cu fructe \u0219i legume<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • me\u021bine\u021bi-v\u0103 o greutate normal\u0103<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • adopta\u021bi un stil de via\u021b\u0103 activ<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • evita\u021bi consumul de alcool \u00een exces.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        Tratamentul cancerului de s\u00e2n<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        Variaz\u0103 in func\u021bie de v\u00e2rsta, de sensibilatea hormonal\u0103, de tipul de cancer sau de stadiul de boal\u0103. A\u0219adar metodele de tratament sunt urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Chimioterapia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Radioterapia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Chirurgia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Terapia hormonal\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Lumpectomia sau chirurgia conservatoare la cancerul de s\u00e2n<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        este interven\u021bia prin care medicul indep\u0103rtez\u0103 \u021besutul de tumoare c\u0103t \u0219i tesutul din jurul acestuia. Acest\u0103 opera\u021bie este indicat\u0103 pacientei cu tumori care nu depasesc 2 cm in dimensiuni \u0219i acesteia i se adaug\u0103 \u0219i radioterapia.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Mastectomia total\u0103-Se indep\u0103rteaz\u0103 tot s\u00e2nul av\u00e2nd ca scop elimin\u0103rea \u021besutului tumoral sau \u00een scop preventiv.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Mastectomie cu indepartarea nodulilor limfatici, radical\u0103- Odat\u0103 cu s\u00e2nul sunt indepartati si nodulii limfatici afla\u021bi \u00een zona axilar\u0103 (subsuoar\u0103).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Mastectomia radical\u0103 extins\u0103-Se cur\u0103\u021b\u0103 s\u00e2nul, nodulii limfatici, precum si mu\u0219chii din zona afectat\u0103.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Terapia hormonal\u0103 sau altfel spus terapia endocrin\u0103 este folosit\u0103 \u0219i de obocei combinat\u0103 cu alte tipuri de tratamente cum ar fi chimioterapia sau opera\u021bia chirurgical\u0103. Medicamentele hormonale sunt aplicate ca tratament activ pentru a mic\u0219ora, controla \u0219i a elimina cancerul.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u00centreb\u0103ri frecvente:<\/strong><\/strong>

        <\/p> <\/div>

        Este suficient\u0103 auto-examinareala s\u00e2ni?<\/strong><\/strong>

        Femeile trebuie s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 c\u0103 auto-examinarea este o metod\u0103 ajut\u0103toare, dar nu un substituit pentru mamografie.<\/p> <\/div>

        Care este procentul de supravie\u021buirre pentru cancerul de s\u00e2n?<\/strong><\/strong>

        *84% la 5 ani de la diagnosticare*67% dupa 10 ani de la diagnosticare,*56% dupa 15 ani de la diagnosticare.<\/p> <\/div>

        C\u00e2nd este necesar\u0103 o vizit\u0103 la medic?<\/strong><\/strong>

        Pe lang\u0103 mamografie \u0219\u021b alte controale de rutin\u0103 dac\u0103 observa\u021bi o schimbare a s\u00e2nilor contacta\u021bi un medic specialist.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Prognoza pentru 2005 arat\u0103 c\u0103 exist\u0103 o tendin\u021b\u0103 de cre\u0219tere a cazurilor de cancer de s\u00e2n (cancer mamar). Se estimez\u0103 c\u0103 se va ajunge la o valoare de 34,6 % la 1000 de locuitori. Femeiile prezint\u0103 un risc mediu (mai putin de 15% risc pe via\u021b\u0103) de a dezvolta cancerul de s\u00e2n. Cancerul de s\u00e2n…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":100402,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[66],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-100192","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized-ro"],"yoast_head":"\nCancerul de s\u00e2n (cancer mamar): \u00cempreun\u0103 vom \u00eenvinge | Spitalul International Avicenna<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cancerul de s\u00e2n este destul de sc\u0103zut sub v\u00e2rsta de 40 de ani, apoi incepe sa creasc\u0103 odat\u0103 cu \u00eembatr\u00e2nirea femeilor.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/avicennaint.com\/ro\/cancerul-de-san-cancer-mamar-impreuna-vom-invinge\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cancerul de s\u00e2n (cancer mamar): \u00cempreun\u0103 vom \u00eenvinge\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Prognoza pentru 2005 arat\u0103 c\u0103 exist\u0103 o tendin\u021b\u0103 de cre\u0219tere a cazurilor de cancer de s\u00e2n (cancer mamar). 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