{"id":99981,"date":"2024-02-08T09:23:18","date_gmt":"2024-02-08T06:23:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/avicennaint.com\/?p=99981"},"modified":"2024-04-16T09:30:35","modified_gmt":"2024-04-16T06:30:35","slug":"avicenna-impreuna-vom-invinge-cancerul-de-san-cancerul-mamar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/avicennaint.com\/ro\/avicenna-impreuna-vom-invinge-cancerul-de-san-cancerul-mamar\/","title":{"rendered":"Avicenna: \u00cempreun\u0103 vom \u00eenvinge cancerul de s\u00e2n (cancerul mamar)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00cen Romania prognoza pentru 2005 arat\u0103 c\u0103 exist\u0103 o tendin\u021b\u0103 continu\u0103 de cre\u0219tere a cazulurilor de cancerului mamar (cancer de s\u00e2n). Se estimez\u0103 c\u0103 se va ajunge la o valoare de 34,6 % la 1000 de locuitori. Femeiile prezint\u0103 un risc mediu (mai putin de 15% risc pe via\u021b\u0103) de a dezvolta cancerul de s\u00e2n (cancer mamar). Cancerul de s\u00e2n este destul de sc\u0103zut sub v\u00e2rsta de 40 de ani, apoi incepe sa creasc\u0103 odat\u0103 cu \u00eembatr\u00e2nirea femeilor. \u00cen fiecare an cancerul de s\u00e2n ucide 465.000 de femei din \u00eentreaga lume \u0219i doar 1,3% din noile cazuri sunt depistate \u00een faz\u0103 incipient\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce este cancerul de s\u00e2n (cancerul mamar)?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Cancerul mamar, este cel mai \u00eent\u00e2lnit tip de cancer la femei c\u0103t \u0219i a doua cauz\u0103 a deceselor provocate de tumorile maligne (tumoare primejdioas\u0103). \u00cen timpul c\u00e2nd celulele din structura glandei cap\u0103t\u0103 unele muta\u021bii genetice se \u00eenmul\u021besc haotic form\u00e2nd o tumor\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Factorii de risc pentru cancerul de s\u00e2n:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Genul feminin, <\/strong>este factorul cel mai important. Cancerul mamar este cel mai frecvent cancer la femei.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • V\u00e2rsta,<\/strong> riscul de a avea cancer de s\u00e2n cre\u0219te odat\u0103 cu v\u00e2rsta. In ciuda faptului c\u0103 acest tip de cancer apare uneori \u0219i la femeile tinere, majoritatea cazurilor sunt diagnosticate dup\u0103 menopauz\u0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Mo\u0219tenirea unei gene anormale, <\/strong>dac\u0103 ai un istoric de cancer mamar \u00een familie aceast\u0103 boal\u0103 apar la femeile \u00een a c\u0103ror familie s-a transmis de-a lungul genera\u021biilor o gen\u0103 defectuoas\u0103 (mutant\u0103).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Prima menstrua\u021bie,<\/strong> la o v\u00e2rst\u0103 mai mic\u0103 de 12 ani.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • V\u00e2rsta \u00eenaintat\u0103<\/strong> la na\u0219terea primului copil (peste 35 de ani<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Obezitate<\/strong>a sau consumul de \u021big\u0103ri sau de alcool.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Simptome pentru cancerul de s\u00e2n<\/strong>– Simptomele cancerului de s\u00e2n sunt urm\u0103toarele:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • Noduli palpabili la s\u00e2ni care apar \u00eenainte sau dup\u0103 menstrua\u021bie dar care nu dispar ca de obicei.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Ro\u0219ea\u021b\u0103 pe pilelea sau mamelonul s\u00e2nului.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Schimbare de formei, m\u0103rimii sau conturul s\u00e2nului.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Secre\u021bie transparent\u0103 sau s\u00e2ngeroas\u0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Durere sau sensibilitate la s\u00e2n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Schimb\u0103rile pielii s\u00e2nului egzeme, decolorare \u0219i descumare.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Apari\u021bia unei gropi\u021be sau ad\u00e2ncituri pe s\u00e2n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Supraponderabilitatea \u0219i obezitatea<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Apari\u021bia unor ganglioni la s\u00e2n sau la nivel axilar (subsuoar\u0103)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Cele mai \u00eent\u00e2lnite tipuri de cancer mamar sunt:<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • a)<\/em> Cancerul de s\u00e2n in situ (neinvaziv).<\/strong> Acest tip de cancer se localizeaz\u0103 intr-un loc dar nu se r\u0103sp\u00e2nde\u0219te \u00een alt\u0103 parte.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • b<\/em>) Cancerul mamar invaziv.<\/strong> Acest tip de cancer se extinde dincolo de ducte (cancer de s\u00e2n ductal invaziv) sau de lobuli (cancer de s\u00e2n lobular invaziv).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Cancerul de s\u00e2n la b\u0103rba\u021bi:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • Cancerul mamar la barba\u021bi apare foarte rar la persoanele \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 iar simptomele sunt asem\u0103n\u0103toare celor femeilor:<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Schimbarea aspectului pe piept<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Schimb\u0103ri ale mamelonului precum pozi\u021bia, descumarea \u0219i descumarea<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Apari\u021bia unei secre\u021bii sau scurgeri s\u00e2ngeroase<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • De\u0219i cauzele \u00een acest caz nu sunt clarificate, se consider\u0103 totu\u0219i c\u0103 motivul apari\u021bei cancerului ar fi unele schimb\u0103ri hormonale c\u00eet \u0219i genetice. Tratamentul acestuia presupune mastectomia total\u0103 ulterior fiind necesar\u0103 chimioterapia sau radiografia \u00een func\u021bie de cancerul depistat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        Diagnostic sau cum \u00ee\u021bi evaluezi s\u00e2nii pentru identificarea timpurie a cancerului mamar?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        Pentru a identifica timpuriu aceast\u0103 boal\u0103, unul dintre cel mai eficient mod este auto-examinarea. Aceasta implic\u0103 evaluarea vizual\u0103 \u0219i fizic\u0103 a s\u00e2nilor pentru a depista anomaliile sau schimb\u0103rile petrecute. Examenirea cu cele mai bune rezultate se face \u00een prima s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 dup\u0103 menstrua\u021bie. Semnele pe care trebuie s\u0103 le iei \u00een considerare sunt schimb\u0103rile petrecute, nodulii ap\u0103ru\u021bi sau scurgerile cum ar fi secre\u021biile sau s\u00e2nger\u0103rile. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 auto-examinare un alt mod de depistare a cancerului mamar este mamografia care nu este altceva dec\u00e2t o radiografie a s\u00e2nului care poate depista cancerul \u00een stadiul primar acestea fiind \u0219i u\u0219or de tratat.Ecografia este un alt mod de a depista cancerul de s\u00e2n aceasta complet\u00e2nd mamografia in special la femeile tinere care au un \u021besut al s\u00e2nului mult mai intens. Biopsia ganglionilor axilari \u0219i scintigrafie osoas\u0103 sunt alte metode de identificare a cancerului de s\u00e2n. Femeile de peste 40 de ani necesit\u0103 s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i fac\u0103 aceste examin\u0103ri la un an o dat\u0103. O alt\u0103 surs\u0103 pentru diagnosticul cancerului mamar este consultul medicului.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Metode de prevenire la cancerul de s\u00e2n:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        Diagnosticarea la timp cu ajutorul controlului medical de rutin\u0103 c\u00e2t \u0219i a auto-examin\u0103rii este important pentru vindecarea cancerului mamar. A\u0219adar ce putem face pentru a preveni aceast\u0103 boal\u0103?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • adopta\u021bi o diet\u0103 s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103 cu fructe \u0219i legume<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • me\u021bine\u021bi-v\u0103 o greutate normal\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • adopta\u021bi un stil de via\u021b\u0103 activ<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • evita\u021bi consumul de alcool \u00een exces.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          Tratament pentru cancerul de s\u00e2n<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

          Variaz\u0103 in func\u021bie de v\u00e2rsta, de sensibilatea hormonal\u0103, de tipul de cancer sau de stadiul de boal\u0103. A\u0219adar metodele de tratament sunt urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Chimioterapia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Chirurgia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Terapia hormonal\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Chimioterapie<\/strong> pentru cancerul de s\u00e2n (cancer mamar)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

          Se adminitreaz\u0103 la un interval de 1-3 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni cu ajutorul unei perfuzii intravenoase. Aceasta distruge celulele de cancer \u0219i este utilizat\u0103 pentru tratamentul celor mai multe tipuri de cancer de s\u00e2n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Radioterapia<\/strong> pentru<\/strong> cancerul de s\u00e2n<\/strong> (cancerul mamar)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

          Taratamentul de radioterapie, se demareaz\u0103 de regul\u0103 la 1-6 luni dup\u0103 opera\u021bia chirurgical\u0103 dup\u0103 vindecarea r\u0103nii. Radioterapia dureaz\u0103 aproximativ 5-6 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni dar num\u0103rul exact de \u0219edin\u021be va fi programat de c\u0103tre medicul specializat.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Chirurgia pentru cancerul de s\u00e2n:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

          Lumpectomia sau chirurgia conservatoare <\/em>a cancerului de s\u00e2n- este interven\u021bia prin care medicul indep\u0103rtez\u0103 \u021besutul de tumoare c\u0103t \u0219i tesutul din jurul acestuia. Acest\u0103 opera\u021bie este indicat\u0103 pacientei cu tumori care nu depasesc 2 cm in dimensiuni \u0219i acesteia i se adaug\u0103 \u0219i radioterapia.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Mastectomia total\u0103<\/em> pentru cancerul de s\u00e2n – Se indep\u0103rteaz\u0103 tot s\u00e2nul av\u00e2nd ca scop elimin\u0103rea \u021besutului tumoral sau \u00een scop preventiv.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Mastectomie cu indepartarea nodulilor limfatici, radical\u0103<\/em>– Odat\u0103 cu s\u00e2nul sunt indepartati si nodulii limfatici afla\u021bi \u00een zona axilar\u0103 (subsuoar\u0103).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Mastectomia radical\u0103 extins\u0103<\/em>– Se cur\u0103\u021b\u0103 s\u00e2nul, nodulii limfatici, precum si mu\u0219chii din zona afectat\u0103.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Terapia hormonal\u0103 sau altfel spus terapia endocrin\u0103 pentru cancerul mamar <\/em>– este folosit\u0103 \u0219i de obicei combinat\u0103 cu alte tipuri de tratamente cum ar fi chimioterapia sau opera\u021bia chirurgical\u0103. Medicamentele hormonale sunt aplicate ca tratament activ pentru a mic\u0219ora, controla \u0219i a elimina cancerul.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u00centreb\u0103ri frecvente:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          1. Este suficient\u0103 auto-examinarea la s\u00e2ni?<\/strong><\/strong>

          Femeile trebuie s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 c\u0103 auto-examinarea este o metod\u0103 ajut\u0103toare, dar nu un substituit pentru mamografie.<\/p> <\/div>

          2. Care este procentul de supravie\u021buire pentru cancerul de s\u00e2n?<\/strong><\/strong>

          *84% la 5 ani de la diagnosticare<\/strong>*67% dupa 10 ani de la diagnosticare,<\/strong>*56% dupa 15 ani de la diagnosticare.<\/strong><\/p> <\/div>

          3. C\u00e2nd este necesar\u0103 o vizit\u0103 la medic?<\/strong><\/strong>

          Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 controalele \u0219i mamografiile de rutin\u0103, vi se recomand\u0103 s\u0103 contacta\u021bi medicul dac\u0103 observa\u021bi orice modificare la nivelul s\u00e2nilor.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          \u00cen Romania prognoza pentru 2005 arat\u0103 c\u0103 exist\u0103 o tendin\u021b\u0103 continu\u0103 de cre\u0219tere a cazulurilor de cancerului mamar (cancer de s\u00e2n). Se estimez\u0103 c\u0103 se va ajunge la o valoare de 34,6 % la 1000 de locuitori. Femeiile prezint\u0103 un risc mediu (mai putin de 15% risc pe via\u021b\u0103) de a dezvolta cancerul de s\u00e2n…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":100040,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[66],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-99981","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized-ro"],"yoast_head":"\nAvicenna: \u00cempreun\u0103 vom \u00eenvinge cancerul de s\u00e2n (cancerul mamar) | Spitalul International Avicenna<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Femeiile prezint\u0103 un risc mediu (mai putin de 15% risc pe via\u021b\u0103) de a dezvolta cancerul de s\u00e2n (cancerul mamar)\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/avicennaint.com\/ro\/avicenna-impreuna-vom-invinge-cancerul-de-san-cancerul-mamar\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Avicenna: \u00cempreun\u0103 vom \u00eenvinge cancerul de s\u00e2n (cancerul mamar)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00cen Romania prognoza pentru 2005 arat\u0103 c\u0103 exist\u0103 o tendin\u021b\u0103 continu\u0103 de cre\u0219tere a cazulurilor de cancerului mamar (cancer de s\u00e2n). 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